Chain management - an important step for a successful business in the COVID-19 conditions

Chain management is an important aspect of running any business. In this article, we look at advances in chain management. At the beginning we present basic definitions and key issues related to the types of channels, followed by a discussion of the degrees of complexity of the chain. We then discuss chain flows - a step forward in chain management, supply chain efficiency indicators and so on. Finally, a brief summary of research to date and a discussion of future challenges for supply chain management are presented. The outbreak of COVID-19 introduced an unprecedented and extraordinary situation of supply chains whose survival requires a large-scale resilience.

MEASUREMENTS OF INJURY-RELATED OUTCOMES: STATISTICAL AND ANALYTICAL DATA FROM ALBANIA

Numerous burn mortality indicators and prognostic scores are necessary to classify with priorities severely burned patients in order to predict outcome. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate mortality predictors on admission, in order to determine Lethal Area 50 and to validate burn prognostic scores. The study is retrospective, clinical and analytical. The data utilized were accessed by investigating the medical charts of 5033 patients hospitalized with severe burns within the Intensive Care Unit of the Service of Burns in Tirana, Albania over the period 1992-2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using PSS 23 software. Statistical significance is defined as p<0.05. The incidence rate of hospitalization of patients with severe burns initially increased from 4.1 to 7.9 persons per 100,000 population/year in the period 1992 to 1999, followed by a decrease from 7.9 to 4.8 in 2019. Mortality was 12.2% and the average burn crude death rate was 0.7 patients per 100,000 population/year. Lethal Area 50 for the second decade (2010-2019) was 82.2%. All tested burn prognostic scores had good predictive values. In addition to the commonly used outcome predictors such as age, burn size and inhalation burn, we concluded that additional determinants like depth of burn and etiology of burns determined an unfavorable outcome. Fatality risk was 4 times higher in patients with full-thickness burns, 2.6 times higher in patients with flame burns, and 4 times higher in patients with inhalation injury. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] De nombreux scores de gravité se proposent d'évaluer le devenir des patients brûlés. Cette étude rétrospective, clinique et analytique, a pour but d'évaluer et valider ces différents scores ainsi que de déterminer la « surface létale 50-SL50 ». Elle a utilisé les dossiers de 5 033 patients hospitalisés dans le secteur de réanimation du CTB de Tirana entre 1992 et 2019. L'incidence annuelle a augmenté de 4,1 à 7,9/100 000/an entre 1992 et 1999 puis est redescendue pour atteindre 4,8 en 2019. Avec une mortalité hospitalière de 12,2%, la mortalité par brûlure à l'échelle de la population albanaise était de 0,7/100 000/an, la SL50, évaluée entre 2010 et 2019, étant à 82,2% SCT. Si tous les scores existant avaient un bon rendement prédictif, nous proposons d'adjoindre à l'âge, la surface brûlée et l'inhalation de fumées, la profondeur et l'étiologie de la brûlure comme facteurs de mauvais pronostic. Le décès était 4 fois plus fréquent chez des patients ayant une brûlure profonde (même risque en cas d'inhalation de fumée) et 2,6 fois plus fréquent après brûlure par flamme. (French) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Annals of Burns & Fire Disasters is the property of Euro-Mediterranean Council for Burns & Fire Disasters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)